????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????. ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????. ? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??,??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????. ????? ?? ??

? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????. Võ Nguyên ??? ??? Giáp (left) with H? Chí Minh (correct) in Hanoi in 1945 The Vi?t Minh then collaborated with French colonial forces to massacre supporters of rival Vietnamese nationalist actions in 1945–1946,[66][67][68] and on the Trotskyists. Trotskyism in Vietnam didn